Yeffeɣ-d · Tamazight

Choosing the right entity for a China company

A practical guide in Tamazight for foreign founders choosing a legal entity for a company in mainland China: WFOE, joint venture, representative office, partnership, and key factors such as capital, liability, control, and compliance. General information only, not legal or tax advice.

Mi tessawaleḍ ad tessnemleḍ taɣawsa-inek deg tmurt n Ccin, yiwet seg isallen imezwura yessefk ad tferneḍ d anaw n tkebbanit (entity) iɣef ad tesbeddeḍ. Asali n unaw ur d-yelli kan d asali n unuḍfa; yezmer ad yeǧǧ azar ɣef wamek ad tḥerzeḍ tazmert, ad tessufeɣ tameddurt, ad tessukkes imḍanen, yerna ad tessali tiserɣin. Deg umagrad-a ad nessken isallen imuta n unaw n tkebbanin i yimussnawen ibeṛṛaniyen, maca mačči d awṣi iɣef ad teddud s tɣawla: wanag d isallen imuta kan, ur d awṣi n lqanun neɣ n tazart (tax). I yal tigawt, ttxil-as i unẓar n lqanun ed unẓar n tazart deg Ccin.

1. WFOE: tkebbanit tabeṛṛanit i tettwaḥkem s timmad-is

WFOE (Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise) d tkebbanit iɣef i tessbedd tettwaḥkem s timmad-is, war amdakkel n Ccin. Asebded-is yettwabna ɣef lqanun n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen ed yiɣewwaren n temnaḍt. D anaw i d-yettwafren s waṭas i yiselmaden, i iɣerbazen n tutlayin, i tkebbanin n teknoloji, d iɣewwaren n uselhu n tɣawsiwin.

Acu i t-yessemmaɣ?

• Tazmert: tzemmreḍ ad tessbeddeḍ tifrat n tkebbanit s timmad-ik, war ma tḍefreḍ amdakkel n Ccin.
• Asali n lqanun: tettwaḥkem s yilugan n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen; yessefk ad tessbeddeḍ tawuri-inek s ussirem.
• Asali n tazart: tettwaxdem s tazart n tkebbanin, maca tazzla n tazart tettili ɣef lḥesab n tkebbanit.
• Asali n tazmert: tzemmreḍ ad tessufeɣ tifrat, ad tessebded tazmert n uselhu, ad tessebded tazmert n uɣawas.

Acu i t-yessefk ad tɛerḍeḍ?

• Asali n tazmert: yessefk ad tessbeddeḍ tazmert n tkebbanit s ussirem, yerna tettili deg tsedmirin n tkebbanin.
• Amḍan n tkebbanit: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Iɣewwaren n temnaḍt: kra n temnaḍin sɛant iɣewwaren n usali n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen; yessefk ad tessnenḍ iɣewwaren n temnaḍt iɣef ad tessebded tkebbanit-ik.

2. Joint venture (JV): amdakkel n Ccin

Joint venture d tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded s umdakkel n Ccin. Tettili deg sin n wunuɣen: equity joint venture (EJV) ed cooperative joint venture (CJV). Deg EJV, tazmert tettwaḥkem s lḥesab n tazmert; deg CJV, tettwaḥkem s wamek i d-yura deg wamud n umdakkel.

Acu i t-yessemmaɣ?

• Asali n tazmert: tzemmreḍ ad tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit s ussirem, yerna tettili deg tsedmirin n tkebbanin.
• Aḥric n Ccin: amdakkel n Ccin yezmer ad yessekles tazmert n usali n tkebbanit, ad yessekles tazmert n uselhu, ed ad yessekles tazmert n uɣawas.
• Asali n lqanun: tettwaḥkem s yilugan n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen ed yilugan n umdakkel.

Acu i t-yessefk ad tɛerḍeḍ?

• Aḥric n tazmert: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Amḍan n tkebbanit: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Iɣewwaren n temnaḍt: kra n temnaḍin sɛant iɣewwaren n usali n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen; yessefk ad tessnenḍ iɣewwaren n temnaḍt iɣef ad tessebded tkebbanit-ik.

3. Representative office (RO): tazmert n usali n tkebbanit

Representative office d tazmert n usali n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is, maca ur tettili d tkebbanit n usali n tkebbanit. Tettili kan d tazmert n usali n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.

Acu i t-yessemmaɣ?

• Asali n tazmert: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Asali n lqanun: tettwaḥkem s yilugan n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen ed yilugan n temnaḍt.
• Asali n tazart: tettwaxdem s tazart n tkebbanin, maca tazzla n tazart tettili ɣef lḥesab n tkebbanit.

Acu i t-yessefk ad tɛerḍeḍ?

• Asali n tazmert: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Amḍan n tkebbanit: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Iɣewwaren n temnaḍt: kra n temnaḍin sɛant iɣewwaren n usali n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen; yessefk ad tessnenḍ iɣewwaren n temnaḍt iɣef ad tessebded tkebbanit-ik.

4. Partnership: amdakkel n tkebbanit

Partnership d tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded s umdakkel n tkebbanit. Tettili deg sin n wunuɣen: general partnership (GP) ed limited partnership (LP). Deg GP, tazmert tettwaḥkem s lḥesab n tazmert; deg LP, tettwaḥkem s wamek i d-yura deg wamud n umdakkel.

Acu i t-yessemmaɣ?

• Asali n tazmert: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Aḥric n Ccin: amdakkel n Ccin yezmer ad yessekles tazmert n usali n tkebbanit, ad yessekles tazmert n uselhu, ed ad yessekles tazmert n uɣawas.
• Asali n lqanun: tettwaḥkem s yilugan n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen ed yilugan n umdakkel.

Acu i t-yessefk ad tɛerḍeḍ?

• Aḥric n tazmert: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Amḍan n tkebbanit: tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit, maca tettili s yiwen n umḍan n tkebbanit iɣef i tessebded tettwaḥkem s timmad-is.
• Iɣewwaren n temnaḍt: kra n temnaḍin sɛant iɣewwaren n usali n tkebbanin ibeṛṛaniyen; yessefk ad tessnenḍ iɣewwaren n temnaḍt iɣef ad tessebded tkebbanit-ik.

5. Acu i t-yessefk ad tɛerḍeḍ send ma tferneḍ?

• Tazmert: acu i t-yessefk ad tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit? Tzemmreḍ ad tessebded tazmert n usali n tkebbanit, ad tessebded tazmert n uselhu, ed ad tessebded tazmert n uɣawas?
• Asali n lqanun: acu i t-yessefk ad tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit s ussirem? Tzemmreḍ ad tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit s ussirem, ad tessebded tazmert n uselhu, ed ad tessebded tazmert n uɣawas?
• Asali n tazart: acu i t-yessefk ad tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit s tazart? Tzemmreḍ ad tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit s tazart, ad tessebded tazmert n uselhu, ed ad tessebded tazmert n uɣawas?
• Aḥric n Ccin: acu i t-yessefk ad tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit s umdakkel n Ccin? Tzemmreḍ ad tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit s umdakkel n Ccin, ad tessebded tazmert n uselhu, ed ad tessebded tazmert n uɣawas?

6. Isallen imuta

Amagrad-a d isallen imuta kan ɣef unaw n tkebbanin deg Ccin. Ur d awṣi n lqanun neɣ n tazart. I yal tigawt, ttxil-as i unẓar n lqanun ed unẓar n tazart deg Ccin. Iɣewwaren n temnaḍt, n tazart, ed n usali n tkebbanit zemren ad beddlen; yessefk ad tessnenḍ iɣewwaren n temnaḍt iɣef ad tessebded tkebbanit-ik send ma tessebded tazmert n tkebbanit.